Citation Guides Editor
Nora Ellison
Nora Ellison writes and edits the citation guides at AllCitations. She covers APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, IEEE, Bluebook and the other styles that the generator supports.
Each guide is written against the current edition of the official manual for its style. When a manual changes, she updates the guide and the generator examples to match. Every guide gives worked examples for the reference list and the in-text citation, and calls out the mistakes that cost students marks.
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Guides by Nora Ellison
- How to Cite an Interview in APA 7
APA 7 splits interviews three ways, and only one kind gets a reference entry. Worked examples for podcasts, archives, personal interviews, and participants.
- How to Check If a Citation Is Real Before You Submit
The four levels of checking whether a citation is real: identifier resolution, metadata match, publication confirmation, and what the source actually says.
- Zotero Full-Text Search: Find Any Word Inside Your PDFs
Why Zotero full-text search misses words in your PDFs, how the Everything mode and Attachment Content differ, and the fixes for scanned files and long books.
- How to Cite the Bible in MLA 9th Edition
MLA separates chapter and verse with a period, not a colon. Covers the works-cited entry, the version rule, Bible apps, study Bibles, and abbreviations.
- How to Cite a Movie in MLA 9th Edition
The MLA 9 film format with worked examples: director or title first, streaming platforms as containers, timestamps, and TV episodes.
- Zotero Alternatives: 6 Reference Managers Compared
Storage limits, real prices, and migration paths for the main Zotero alternatives: Mendeley, Paperpile, EndNote, JabRef, Citavi, and a free generator.
- AllCitations vs Paperpile: Free Generator or Paid Manager
Paperpile has no free tier and 8,000 styles. This AllCitations vs Paperpile comparison covers price, Google Docs, exports, and who each tool suits.
- How to Use a Chicago 18th Edition Citation Generator
The ten checks that catch what a Chicago 18th edition citation generator gets wrong: stale publisher cities, et al. counts, ibid., and Turabian drift.
- How to Cite the Bible in APA 7th Edition
APA 7 gives the Bible a reference list entry for the first time. Covers the version rule, chapter and verse in text, study Bibles, and the Qur'an.
- AllCitations vs Grammarly: Three Styles or Thirty
Grammarly cites in APA, MLA, and Chicago only. This AllCitations vs Grammarly comparison covers style coverage, editions, the paid line, and auto-capture.
- AllCitations vs Mendeley: Styles, Storage, and Word
Mendeley wants an account and gives you 2GB. This AllCitations vs Mendeley comparison covers styles, the Word add-in, exports, and the Desktop split.
- How to Cite a Group Author in APA 7: Organizations
When to abbreviate an organization, when to spell it out in every citation, and how a group author changes both your in-text citation and your reference.
- How to Cite Sources in APSA Style
APSA citation style from the revised 2018 manual: author-date parentheticals, reference formats for a dozen source types, and the legal-document exception.
- AllCitations vs Zotero: Generator or Reference Manager
Zotero keeps a library; you may only need one citation. This AllCitations vs Zotero comparison covers styles, editions, exports, and ZoteroBib.
- AllCitations vs BibMe: Editions, Price, and Styles
BibMe's own guides still teach APA 6 and MLA 7. This AllCitations vs BibMe comparison checks editions, styles, exports, and cost.
- AllCitations vs Cite This For Me: What's Actually Free
Free users get Harvard referencing only from Cite This For Me, while AllCitations covers 30 styles with no account. Costs and editions compared.
- How to Use an APA 7th Edition Citation Generator
The eight checks that catch what an APA 7th edition citation generator gets wrong: sentence case, DOIs, issue numbers, author counts, and in-text forms.
- How to Cite a Movie in APA 7th Edition
The APA 7 film format with worked examples: streaming originals, foreign films, TV episodes, timestamps for quotes, and the mistakes that cost marks.
- Bluebook Citation Format: How to Cite in Bluebook Style
Worked examples for cases, statutes, books and websites, plus signals, typefaces and what the 22nd edition changed in Bluebook citation format.
- APA Paper Format: How to Set Up Your Paper (7th Edition)
Complete APA paper format rules from the 7th edition manual: title page, running head, headings, page order, and the exact Word and Google Docs setup steps.
- ACM Citation Format: How to Cite in ACM Style
Worked ACM citation format examples for journal articles, conference papers, books, arXiv preprints, and websites, plus the alphabetical numbering rule.
- How to Cite a Lecture in APA 7: Slides, Notes, Recordings
Worked examples for Canvas slides, Zoom recordings, and transcripts, plus the retrievability rule that decides how you cite a lecture in APA 7.
- MLA Paper Format: How to Set Up Your Paper (9th Edition)
Every MLA paper format rule from the 9th edition Handbook: margins, font, the four-line heading, running head, and title, plus exact Word and Google Docs steps.
- How to Format References in APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard
One book formatted four ways, the page rules for each style, and how to format references in Word without faking the hanging indent.
- How to Cite the CDC in APA 7: Webpages, Reports, and Data
Worked examples showing how to cite the CDC in APA 7 across webpages, MMWR articles, reports, and data sets, plus the in-text and date rules.
- Leeds Harvard vs Cite Them Right: What Actually Differs
Side-by-side book, journal and website formats for Leeds Harvard referencing and Cite Them Right, with a conversion checklist between the two.
- How to Cite a Website in ACS Style
Templates and eight worked examples for ACS website references: agency pages, blogs, Wikipedia, PubChem records, and the access date rule.
- How to Cite a Government Document in MLA 9th Edition
Worked MLA 9 examples for every government document type: layered agency authors, congressional reports, laws, court cases, and executive orders.
- How to Cite a Report in MLA 9th Edition
Worked examples show how to cite a report in MLA 9: government and corporate reports, organizational authors, missing dates, and in-text forms.
- How to Use Zotero: Setup, Library, and Citations Guide
Learn how to use Zotero end to end: the browser connector, collections and tags, citing in Word and Google Docs, sync and storage, and useful plugins.
- How to Recover a Lost Zotero Library: Every Fix That Works
Where a lost Zotero library actually goes and how to get it back: the data directory, .bak backups, sync restore, trash rescue, and Word documents.
- ALWD Citation Guide: How to Cite in ALWD Style
How to cite cases, statutes, law reviews, books, and websites in ALWD style, with the 2026 eighth edition changes and where ALWD differs from the Bluebook.
- How to Cite a Conference Paper in MLA 9
MLA 9 Works Cited and in-text formats for a presented talk, a paper in published proceedings, a database PDF, a poster, and a recorded session.
- How to Cite a Dissertation or Thesis in MLA 9
Works Cited and in-text formats for a PhD dissertation, master's thesis, ProQuest record, repository PDF, and honors thesis, with the MLA 7 habits to drop.
- How to Format a Dissertation in APA 7th Edition
Margins, fonts, heading levels, and front matter for a dissertation in APA 7, plus where your graduate school's template overrides the manual.
- How to Cite a Source You Can't Find or Access
What APA 7, MLA 9, and Chicago say about secondary citations, paywalled papers, dead links, and quotes whose original source has vanished.
- How to Cite a Conference Paper in APA 7
Worked examples for citing a conference paper in APA 7: presentations, posters, abstracts, and proceedings published as chapters or articles.
- How to Fix Citation Errors: A Step-by-Step Audit
A five-pass audit for finding and fixing citation errors: match in-text citations to the reference list, unify the style, and repair each entry.
- How to Do a Hanging Indent in Word (Ctrl+T and 4 More Ways)
Five ways to set a hanging indent in Microsoft Word, with the 0.5 inch rule for APA and MLA, ruler and dialog steps, Mac, web, iPad, and fixes.
- How to Do a Hanging Indent in Google Docs (and Word)
Two reliable ways to set a hanging indent, the 0.5 inch rule in APA, MLA, and Chicago, fixes for broken indents, and the mobile app's limits.
- How to Cite a Book Chapter in APA 7th Edition
Worked examples for every APA book chapter case: edited books, authored books, missing chapter authors, reprinted essays, and entries with no pages.
- How to Cite a Website in APSA Style
Element order, worked examples, and the access-date rule from the revised 2018 manual for citing a website in APSA style, plus blogs and social posts.
- APA Reference List Order: How to Alphabetize Every Entry
Covers the letter-by-letter rule behind APA reference list order: same-author stacks, 2020a labels, Mc and Mac names, and Word sort steps.
- How to Cite Multiple Authors in APA 7
Worked examples showing how to cite multiple authors in APA 7: et al. from the first citation, the 20-author rule, and fixes for ambiguous citations.
- How to Cite a Source With No Date in APA 7
Covers what n.d. replaces, when a retrieval date is required, and how to cite a source with no date that is missing an author too.
- How to Cite a Source With No Author in APA 7
What replaces the author, when Anonymous is correct, and how to cite a source with no author in text, with worked examples for websites and books.
- How to Cite a Journal Article in APSA Style
APSA journal article references from the official manual: element order, DOIs, multi-author rules, magazines, reviews, and in-text citations.
- ACS Citation Format: A Complete Guide with Examples
Worked examples of ACS citation format for journal articles, books, patents, and websites, with all three in-text systems and CASSI abbreviations.
- How to Cite a Book Chapter in APSA Style
APSA book chapter format with worked examples, editor and page-range rules, ebook chapters, in-text citations, and the differences from Chicago author-date.
- How to Cite a Journal Article in Harvard Style
Harvard journal article format under Cite Them Right 12th edition. Eight worked examples for print, online, DOI, online-first, and multi-author articles.
- How to Cite a Conference Paper in IEEE Style
IEEE conference paper citations for published proceedings, IEEE Xplore, workshops, virtual events, arXiv preprints, and in-press papers. Eight examples.
- How to Cite a Newspaper Article in MLA 9th Edition
MLA 9 newspaper article citations for print, online, op-eds, editorials, database access, and wire-service stories. Eight worked examples and the key rules.
- How to Cite a Dissertation or Thesis in APA 7th Edition
APA 7 dissertation and thesis format with examples for ProQuest, institutional repositories, unpublished theses, and embargoed work under Section 10.6.
- How to Cite a Journal Article in CSE Style
CSE journal article format for all three CSE systems: Citation-Sequence, Citation-Name, and Name-Year. Eight worked examples and NLM abbreviation rules.
- How to Cite ChatGPT in APA 7th Edition
APA 7 ChatGPT format: Company. (Year). Tool Name [Large language model]. URL. Includes worked examples for ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, and citing specific chats.
- How to Avoid Plagiarism: A Practical Guide
A practical guide to avoiding plagiarism: the seven types to watch for, when a citation is required, and the note-taking habits that keep you safe.
- Bluebook Short Form Citations: Id., Supra, and Hereinafter
A guide to Bluebook short form citations under Rule 4: when to use id. vs. supra, shortened case names, and hereinafter, with worked examples.
- How to Cite a Federal Statute in Bluebook Format
A complete guide to citing U.S. federal statutes in Bluebook format, covering the U.S.C., popular names, session laws, and common Rule 12 mistakes.
- How to Cite a Supreme Court Case in Bluebook Format
A complete guide to citing U.S. Supreme Court cases in Bluebook format, with reporter hierarchy, pin cites, parentheticals, and worked examples.
- How to Cite Sources in Turabian Citation Style
A student guide to Turabian citation style: the notes-bibliography and author-date systems, formatting rules, and worked examples for common sources.
- How to Cite a Government Document in APA 7th Edition
The APA 7 format for government documents, with examples for federal reports, congressional publications, executive orders, and state documents.
- How to Format a Works Cited Page in MLA 9
How to format an MLA 9 Works Cited page: hanging indents, alphabetization, multiple works by one author, and a complete formatting checklist.
- How to Write an Annotated Bibliography
How to write an annotated bibliography in APA 7, MLA 9, and Chicago, with real examples, formatting rules, and what makes a strong annotation.
- Vancouver Citation Style: Format and Examples
Vancouver journal article format: Author(s). Title. Abbrev J Title. Year;Vol(Issue):Pages. doi:XX. See examples for books, websites, and clinical guidelines.
- How to Cite Sources in IEEE Citation Style
Learn IEEE citation format - numbered references, in-text brackets, and worked examples for conference papers, journal articles, books, websites, and standards.
- How to Cite Sources in Harvard Referencing Style
Complete guide to Harvard referencing - in-text citations, reference list formatting, and worked examples for books, journals, websites, and more.
- How to Cite Sources in Chicago Author-Date Style
Chicago 18th edition author-date citations: parenthetical in-text references, reference list format, and examples for the sciences and social sciences.
- How to Cite Sources in Chicago Notes-Bibliography Style
A practical guide to the Chicago 18th edition notes-bibliography system: footnotes, bibliography entries, and worked examples for common source types.
- How to Cite a Journal Article in MLA 9th Edition
How to cite journal articles in MLA 9, step by step: print journals, online journals with DOIs, database articles, and articles with multiple authors.
- How to Cite a Book in MLA 9th Edition
Complete guide to citing books in MLA 9 format - print books, ebooks, edited collections, translated works, and multi-volume sets with worked examples.
- How to Cite a Website in MLA 9th Edition
The MLA 9 format for citing websites with the core elements, plus examples for pages with an author, no author, no date, and organizational sources.
- How to Cite a Book in APA 7th Edition
Learn the exact format for citing books in APA 7th edition, with examples for single authors, multiple authors, edited books, chapters, and ebooks.
- How to Cite a Journal Article in APA 7th Edition
Learn the exact format for citing journal articles in APA 7th edition, with examples for single authors, multiple authors, DOIs, online-only journals, and more.
- How to Cite a PDF in APA 7th Edition
Learn how to cite PDFs in APA 7th edition. APA citations are based on source type, not file format - find the right template for reports, articles, and more.
- How to Cite a Podcast in APA 7th Edition
Learn how to cite podcasts in APA 7th edition, including single episodes, entire series, and audio content with proper formatting examples.
- How to Cite a Report in APA 7th Edition
Learn how to cite reports in APA 7th edition, including government reports, technical reports, white papers, and organizational publications.
- How to Cite an Image in APA 7th Edition
Learn how to cite images in APA 7th edition, including photographs, charts, clip art, infographics, maps, and artwork with proper attribution.
- APA vs MLA: Which Citation Style Should You Use?
A clear comparison of APA and MLA citation styles - when to use each, key differences in formatting, and quick reference examples.
- Complete Guide to In-Text Citations
Everything you need to know about in-text citations across APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and IEEE - with examples for every situation.
- APA 7 Website Citation: Format and Examples
The APA 7 webpage reference format is Author. (Year, Month Day). Title. Site Name. URL. See 8 worked examples plus a free citation generator.
- How to Cite a YouTube Video (All Major Styles)
Complete guide to citing YouTube videos in APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago, Harvard, IEEE, and Vancouver formats - with templates, worked examples, and special cases.