Citation Guides & Tips
Expert guides to help you cite sources correctly in any academic style.
How to Alphabetize a Bibliography in Chicago Style
The Chicago 18th edition rules to alphabetize a bibliography: word-by-word order, same-author works, coauthors, Mc and Mac, particles, numbers, and no author.
How to Quote a Website in APA 7: Locators and Block Quotes
Webpages have no page numbers, so APA 7 quotes them with para., a heading, or both. Worked examples from a WHO page, block quotes, and allowed edits.
How to Write an Annotated Bibliography in Chicago Style
Format an annotated bibliography in Chicago 18th edition: both annotation layouts from section 13.68, page setup, seven worked entries, and common fixes.
How to Cite an Article From a Website in APA 7
The APA 7 formats for online newspaper, magazine, and blog articles and stories on news sites like CNN or Vox, with examples, in-text forms, and paywall rules.
APA Citation Links: How to Format DOIs and URLs in APA 7
When an APA citation link should be a DOI, a URL, or nothing, with the https://doi.org format, shortDOIs, database rules, retrieval dates, and 9 worked examples.
How to Cite a Tweet in APA 7 (X Posts, Threads, Profiles)
The APA 7 format for X posts and old tweets, with worked examples for replies, threads, images, deleted posts, profiles, and the 20-word title rule.
How to Cite an Encyclopedia Article in AMA Style (11th Ed.)
The AMA 11 format for encyclopedia, dictionary and pharmacopoeia entries, with worked examples for StatPearls, UpToDate, DynaMed, Micromedex and print reference works.
How to Cite Wikipedia in APA 7th Edition
The APA 7 format for a Wikipedia article, how to find the permanent link, quoting without page numbers, and how to fix the Cite This Page output.
How to Alphabetize a Works Cited Page in MLA 9
The MLA 9 rules that decide where every entry goes when you alphabetize works cited: same-author stacks, numbers, The, Mc and Mac, particles, and symbols.
How to Use an APA 6th Edition Citation Generator
The APA 6 patterns a generator should produce, the eight differences from APA 7 to check, and fixes for books, articles, ebooks and in-text citations.
How to Cite an Interview in APA 7
APA 7 splits interviews three ways, and only one kind gets a reference entry. Worked examples for podcasts, archives, personal interviews, and participants.
How to Check If a Citation Is Real Before You Submit
The four levels of checking whether a citation is real: identifier resolution, metadata match, publication confirmation, and what the source actually says.